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Impact of information transfer in Blattodea group dynamics and decision-making

為了解決Celine and Cynthia -的問題，作者鄒智文 這樣論述：

Optimal foraging theory, Selfish Herd, and several top-down models fall short of explaining the factors that determine group movement and decision-making for animals that do not follow rigid hierarchies or centralised control. These models define intergroup relations as immutable rules based on pro

ximity, without considering an animal’s sensory system or information gained from conspecifics. Thus, animal groups are modelled as an aggregation of particles, disregarding new properties thatemerge as members cooperate or compete.The American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana) does not exhibit rigi

d patterns of social hierarchy or task allocation. They seem to rely on ‘collective wisdom’ and show a preference for aggregating with peers rather than venturing alone into unbeknownst territories in search of food. The simplicity and horizontality of their social interactions make them an ideal or

ganism for studying information dissemination and its impact on system-wide behavioural patterns.This study draws on models and techniques used in network and information theory and trajectory forecasting to understand the factors that modulate information exchange and group decision-making in movin

g insects. It contrasts cockroach groupmovement in an open space, where they can interact freely, with their dynamics in a maze that restricts their interactions. The objective of this study is to describe and explain collective movement using mathematical and computational tools. For that, it uses

prediction models and mutual information to identify the most useful features to forecast individual and collective movements. It seeks to determine the impact of information transfer in insect groups by contrasting group behaviour against the non-interacting aggregation of individual behaviours.

台灣西南海域南好景海脊海洋沉積物中甲烷囊菌屬新種之純化與特性分析

為了解決Celine and Cynthia -的問題，作者范家秀 這樣論述：

高濃度的甲烷在低溫高壓的海洋環境下，會形成固態的天然氣水合物。臺灣的西南海域內含有天然氣水合物存儲系統，碳同位素研究顯示這些甲烷大多由甲烷古菌產生。藉由OR1-1163B航次於南好景海脊採集的岩心樣本篩選出菌株YWC-01。經過親緣關係比對，甲烷古菌YWC-01和Methanoculleus屬的物種相似度為95.49% - 98.73%，顯示菌株YWC-01很有可能為Methanomicrobiaceae科的新種。菌株YWC-01與Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1T的16S rRNA基因相似度為98.24%，平均核苷酸一致性(Average Nucleotide I

dentity, ANI)與基因組距離分析(Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator analysis, GGDC)結果分別為88.35%及35.30%，根據以上親緣關係分析結果支持菌株YWC-01為甲烷囊菌屬(Methanoculleus)的新種。菌株YWC-01為不規則球菌、不具鞭毛之氫氣利用型甲烷古菌。細胞直徑為0.6-1.0 µm，可生長於15-45℃、0-1.5 M NaCl的環境下，對高達1.5 M的高鹽環境下仍具有一定的耐受性。進一步以Illumina MiSeqTM進行全基因定序組裝後，獲得全長約2.62 Mb的基因片段，DNA G+C含量為61

.52%，其結果和其他甲烷囊菌屬標準菌株(60-62%)相似。分析菌株YWC-01的基因體顯示其具有1個Cas gene cluster，但並未能找到CRISPR或spacer序列，可能未具有完整的CRISPR - Cas cluster。在菌株YWC-01的1312個COGs中，有325個獨特的COGs，其中又以COG (R)的cluster佔最多數。在深海天然氣水合物潛力區以甲烷為主的生態系統中，包括以甲烷生成作用獲得能量的甲烷古菌、共生的細菌群落和以厭氧甲烷氧化作用代謝甲烷的古菌等微生物，在生態系統中的交互作用，顯示在以甲烷為基礎之生態系統中微生物群落間彼此的交互作用是緊密相關的。