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Handbook of Historical Japanese Linguistics

為了解決Nanzan University的問題，作者 這樣論述：

This volume will be the first full-length exploration in any language of the details of the history of the Japanese language written by experts in the different subfields of linguistics. Overall, while including factual and background information, the volume will focus on presenting original researc

h of lasting value. This includes presenting the latest research on better studied topics, such as segmental phonology, accent or focus constructions, as well as both introducing areas of study which have traditionally been underrepresented, such as syntax or kanbun materials, and showing how they c

ontribute to a fuller understanding of all of the history of Japanese.Chapter titlesIntroductionPart I: Individual Periods of the Japanese LanguageSection 1: Prehistory and ReconstructionChapter 1: Comparison with other languages (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 2: Reconstruction based on external sour

ces: Ainu, Chinese dynastic histories, and Korean chronicles (Alexander Vovin, University of Hawai'i at Mnoa)Chapter 3: Reconstruction from the standpoint of Ryukyuan (Thomas Pellard, CNRS)Chapter 4: (Morpho)phonological reconstruction (Teruhiro Hayata)Chapter 5: Morpho(phono)logical reconstruction

(Bjarke Frellesvig, University of Oxford)Chapter 6: Towards the accentual reconstruction of Japanese (Akiko Matsumori, NINJAL)Section II: Old JapaneseChapter 7: Word order and alignment (Yuko Yanagida, University of Tsukuba)Chapter 8: What mokkan can tell us about Old and pre-Old Japanese (Takashi I

nukai, Aichi Prefectural University)Chapter 9: Eastern Old Japanese (Kerri Russell)Section III: Early Middle Japanese Chapter 10: Morphosyntax (Yoshiyuki Takayama, Fukui University)Chapter 11: Varieties of kakarimusubi in Early Middle Japanese (Charles Quinn, The Ohio State University)Chapter 12: Li

nguistic variation (Takuya Okimori)Section IV: Late Middle JapaneseChapter 13: The morphosyntax of Late Middle Japanese (Hirofumi Aoki, Kyushu University)Chapter 14: Late Middle Japanese phonology, based on Korean materials (Sven Osterkamp, Bochum University)Chapter 15: Phonology, based on Christian

materials (Masayuki Toyoshima)Section V: Modern JapanChapter 16: The social context of materials on Early Modern Japanese (Michinao Morohoshi, Kokugakuin University)Chapter 17: Meiji language, including what sound recordings can tell us (Yasuyuki Shimizu)Chapter 18: Syntactic influence of European

languages on Japanese (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University)Part II: Materials and WritingSection VI: WritingChapter 19: Old and Early Middle Japanese writing (James Unger, The Ohio State University)Chapter 20: The continued use of kanji in writing Japanese (Shinji Konno, Seisen University)Chapter 21: H

istory of indigenous innovations in kanji and kanji usage particularly: kokuji and wasei kango] (Yoshihiko Inui) Chapter 22: From hentai kanbun to sorobun (Tsutomu Yada)Section VII: Kanbun-based MaterialsChapter 23: Kunten texts of Buddhist provenance (Masayuki Tsukimoto, Tokyo University)Chapter 2

4: Kunten Texts of Secular Chinese Provenance (Teiji Kosukegawa)Chapter 25: Vernacularized written Chinese (waka kanbun) (Shingo Yamamoto, Shirayuri Women's University)Chapter 26: Early modern kanbun and kanbun kundoku (Fumitoshi Saito, Nagoya University)Chapter 27: A comparison of glossing traditio

ns in Japan and Korea (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 28: Influence of kanbun-kundoku on Japanese (Valerio Alberizzi, Waseda University)Part III: Broader Changes over TimeSection VIII: Lexis/PragmaticsChapter 29: History of basic vocabulary (John Bentley, University of Northern Illinois)Chapter 30: Hi

story of Sino-Japanese vocabulary (Seiya Abe and Akihiro Okajima)Chapter 31: The history of mimetics in Japanese (Masahiro Ono, Meiji University)Chapter 32: The history of honorifics and polite language (Yukiko Moriyama, Doshisha University)Chapter 33: History of demonstratives and pronouns (Tomoko

Okazaki)Chapter 34: History of yakuwarigo (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University)Chapter 35: 'Subject-Object Merger' and 'Subject-Object Opposition' as the speaker's stance: 'Subjective Construal' as 'a fashion of speaking' for Japanese speakers (Yoshihiko Ikegami, University of Tokyo)Section IX: Phonolo

gyChapter 36: Syllable structure, phonological typology, and outstanding issues in the chronology of sound changes (Bjarke Frellesvig, Sven Osterkamp and John WhitmanChapter 37: Sino-Japanese (Marc Miyake)Chapter 38: Development of accent, based on historical sources, Heian period onwards: The forma

tion of Ibuki-jima accent (Makoto Yanaike, Keio University)Chapter 39: The Ramsey hypothesis (Elisabeth De Boer)Section X: SyntaxChapter 40: Generative diachronic syntax of Japanese (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 41: On the merger of the conclusive/adnominal distinction (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka Univers

ity)Chapter 42: Development of case marking (Takashi Nomura, University of Tokyo)Chapter 43: Loss of Wh movement (Akira Watanabe, University of Tokyo)Chapter 44: Development of delimiter/semantic particles (Tomohide Kinuhata)Chapter 45: Electronic corpora as a tool for investigating syntactic change

(Yasuhiro Kondo, Aoyama Gakuin/NINJAL)Part IV: The History of Research on JapanChapter 46: Early Japanese dictionaries (Shoju Ikeda, Hokkaido University)Chapter 47: The great dictionary of Japanese: Vocabulario ... (Toru Maruyama, Nanzan University)Chapter 48: Pre-Meiji research on Japanese (Toru K

uginuki)Chapter 49: Meiji period research on Japanese (Isao Santo) Bjarke Frellesvig, University of Oxford, UK; Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University, Japan; John Whitman, NINJAL, Japan.

Nanzan University進入發燒排行的影片

漢語中的動詞懸置空補語

為了解決Nanzan University的問題，作者陳曉微 這樣論述：

作為論元刪除分析的延伸，此論文探究漢語動詞懸置結構中的空補語，並將其分類為名詞型、動詞型以及句子型。有一個現象是值得關注的，即於動詞懸置的空缺中，先行詞的某部份意思無法被理解到。從語意拷貝(LF-copying)的角度而言，先行詞中的語義只被部分複製到刪略位置。根據此現象，我發現 (1)對於名詞性空補語，指示限定詞的存在與否可以預測數量附加語(adjunct)是否被包含在空缺中；(2)動詞性空補語並無法存在。不論是否有明顯的主詞、或是空主語 (PRO)，句子型空補語大多為 CP。根據Radford (2004) 的系統，這些補語的動詞為控制動詞或義務情態詞。只有少部分句子型空補語為 TP，即

例外格位標記動詞 (ECM verbs) 的補語。針對句子型空補語有以下觀察：(1)所懸置的動詞不受 Goldberg (2015) 的相同動詞要求 (Verbal Identity Requirement) 所限制；(2)其和簡答句的對應性；(3)和時態標記符號的並存。最後，此文也探討了句子型空補語為空指代補語 (null complement anaphora) 的可能性。抽取測試 (extraction test) 以及其他證據指向一個深層回指 (deep anaphora) 和淺層回指 (surface anaphora)並存於句子型空補語中的狀況。總體而言，基於動詞懸置空補語的複雜性

，此文認同以綜合的分析來處理之。

Exploring the Effect of Retirement on Health in Japan

為了解決Nanzan University的問題，作者Mizuochi, Masaaki 這樣論述：

Masaaki Mizuochi, Nanzan University

歐巴馬與川普政府對北韓政策之比較

為了解決Nanzan University的問題，作者楊維能 這樣論述：

美國自1990年代初期的第一次核武危機至今，共歷經了四任總統，然而卻在北韓核武問題上遲遲無法有所突破。北韓至今共進行了六次的核試爆，甚至已具備發射洲際導彈的能力，威脅持續升高。然而自六方會談破局後，國際間再沒有類似的多邊機制，能夠藉由主要相關國家的力量來共同形塑北韓的行為。在缺乏多邊機制的情況下，延伸性嚇阻儼然成為美國政府面對北韓問題的主要手段之一，以阻止北韓採取破壞現狀，威脅東北亞區域的安全。本文研究目的主要針對美國延伸性嚇阻對東北亞區域安全之重要性、六方會談敗局後美國對北韓政策轉變、及歐巴馬與川普政府對北韓政策之異同與盟國反應等問題進行探究，透過文獻分析及比較研究法，並以嚇阻理論作為研究

途徑，試圖比較歐巴馬與川普政府對北韓之政策。筆者藉各項文獻之梳理，列舉出「核武運用」、「傳統武力運用」、「結盟」與「國際制度」等各項國家領導人能夠影響延伸性嚇阻成效之因素，作為比較兩任政府對北韓政策之指標。歐巴馬政府上任之初曾試圖爭取重啟六方會談，惟北韓態度的反覆轉變以及不守承諾，導致歐巴馬對北韓政策逐漸轉趨為強硬的制裁與冷漠的應對，形成「戰略忍耐」政策。而川普上任後，大肆批評歐巴馬的北韓政策，認為其縱容北韓不斷地取得核武及導彈能力的進展，因而採取「極限施壓」政策，主張加強對北韓的制裁，並且不排除使用有限度武力，逼迫其重回外交對話。北韓問題雖未在歐巴馬或川普政府期間得到明顯改善，然若以延伸性嚇

阻的角度作檢視，可發現相較於川普政府，歐巴馬政府的北韓政策較符合學術界對延伸性嚇阻的定義，對於東北亞區域安全穩定的維持亦較有正面影響。