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Sandy Beaches as Endangered Ecosystems: Environmental Problems and Possible Assessment and Management Solutions

為了解決Panel stock的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Sandy beaches are the most abundant coastal environment worldwide, and have an undeniable and unique ecological value. Presently, however, these environments are also one of the most endangered ecosystems, namely due to the influence of several human activities and to the rise of the sea level, aggr

avated by the ongoing global climatic changes. In Sandy Beaches as Endangered Ecosystems, contributing authors from around the world highlight the environmental problems that endanger these delicate systems worldwide, and point out management and conservation strategies, with case studies where envi

ronmental disturbances were assessed and monitored. Sílvia C. Gonçalves is a Biologist, specialized in Marine Ecology, with a PhD in Biology obtained at the University of Coimbra, in 2007. Presently, she is a Senior Researcher at MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and a Coordinating P

rofessor at the School of Tourism and Maritime Technology (ESTM), of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPL, Portugal), lecturing mainly in the fields of ecology, biological diversity and marine environment. Her research is focused on Marine Biology and Ecology, particularly in coastal ecosystems

and centralized in the following research lines: 1) bio-ecology of populations of key invertebrate species on sandy beaches and study of their potential as ecological indicators of human impacts; 2) structure and function of macrobenthic communities; 3) monitoring and evaluation of environmental qua

lity in coastal ecosystems, especially on sandy beaches and coastal lagoons; 4) study of the bioremediation capacity of trace metals by halophyte plants in coastal lagoons; 5) techniques for cultivation, maintenance and reproduction of polychaetes, sea urchins and fish in aquaculture.Her scientific

work includes: 1 international book, 5 chapters in international books, 16 publications in international scientific periodicals with referee, 17 publications in international congresses with referee, 12 oral presentations and 32 presentations in poster on international scientific meetings and the au

thorship of 1 documentary of scientific divulgation about marine organisms living in coastal areas.Sílvia C. Gonçalves is also Referee of 18 international scientific periodicals from recognized publishers (e.g. Elsevier, Springer Verlag, Taylor & Francis) and Review Editor on the specialized section

Marine Biotechnology, of the journals Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. She has been distinguished with the award ＂Outstanding Contribution in Reviewing＂ by the scientific periodicals Aquatic Botany (Elsevier, in 2013 and 2015) and Ecotoxicology and Envi

ronmental Safety (Elsevier, in 2017).Susana Margarida de Freitas Ferreira is a Portuguese researcher, with a PhD in Biology (specialization in Ecology) from the University of Coimbra (Portugal), in 2005. She is currently an Adjunct Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, a Senior Researche

r at MARE - Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences (ESTM-IPL) and a Collaborator at CEF - Center for Functional Ecology (University of Coimbra). Her scientific activity has been in the areas of Ecology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture. The domain of its specialization is related to the investiga

tion of biological and ecological processes in aquatic ecosystems: 1) environmental impact studies, with emphasis on eutrophication processes, 2) population dynamics, biology and secondary production of benthic organisms; 3) community structure and functioning of coastal systems; 4) influence of tre

matode parasites on the population dynamics, biology and secondary production of crustaceans and molluscs. She is currently developing research on: 1) functioning and structure of biological communities; 2) evaluation of metals in coastal habitats; 4) stock assessment of aquatic organisms and their

use in aquaculture and biotechnology. She is authorized to ＂perform procedures on animals＂, by the General Directorate of Food and Veterinary, pursuant to paragraph 5, article 31 of Decree-Law no. 113/2013 of August 7, according to Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council o

f September 22. As such, it is a Member of the ORBEA - Body Responsible for the Animal Welfare of MARE-IPLeiria. Her scientific production counts on: the supervision of 14 MSc theses; the coordination of 3 national research projects, the participation as an effective member in 3 national projects an

d as a collaborator in 1 international project, 5 national projects, 1 project of scientific divulgation, plus 1 project of rendering services; the publication of 1 book, 4 chapters in books, 20 articles in international journals with scientific referee, 15 abstracts in international congress procee

dings with scientific referee, 1 abstract in national congress proceedings; 22 oral communications and 39 panel communications; the direction and authorship of 1 documentary on marine life in coastal areas.

Panel stock進入發燒排行的影片

考量內生性生產要素與非意欲產出問題下探討CSR活動對銀行業經濟效率之影響

為了解決Panel stock的問題，作者邱義晃 這樣論述：

隨著經濟成長與環境變遷，企業經營開始注重環境、社會和公司治理(ESG)，本文針對這個議題，探討企業社會責任投入對銀行業經濟效率之影響，CSR資料取自EIRIS之2003-2014年32個國家287家銀行，要素投入與產出數據取自Bureau Van Dijk公司之ORBIS Bank Focus全球銀行與金融分析資料庫，利用隨機邊界方法考慮生產要素內生性與非意欲產出，同時探討技術與配置效率議題。採用Amsler, Prokhorov and Schmidt (2016)工具變數法解決要素內生性問題，確保迴歸係數估計值具備一致性，實證結果顯示總成本無效率主要來自配置無效率，而非技術無效率，此發現

與銀行業常進行組織結構改造，重新調整人力、資本與資金等以改善配置無效率相呼應一致。進一步將技術和總無效率與環境變數連結，包括(1)前五大銀行市占率、(2) 銀行成立年數、(3)CSR員工項目分數、(4)資產報酬率、(5)淨值資產比、(6) CSR公司治理分數、(7)銀行資產/GDP比、(8)人均GDP等8個環境變數，其中前三項主要影響技術無效率因素，結果發現環境變數確實影響銀行經營效率，擬定執行經營策略納入考慮有其重要性。並將研究資料依年份期間與洲別分類，發現2007-2009年次貸風暴期間銀行經營效率最低，但三個期間的差異未達統計顯著；洲別分類以亞洲銀行經營效率最低，檢定發現歐洲與美洲銀行經

營效率顯著高於亞洲銀行，研判與亞洲銀行種族文化、經濟環境與規模差異較大有關。文中比較不考慮(1)內生性、(2) CSR與(3)非意欲產出對經營效率之影響，發現造成技術無效率與配置無效率誤置，導致銀行經營者執行錯誤的經營策略方向，反而造成資源更多的浪費，評估銀行經營效率的影響因素必須充份完整，不得不慎。

經濟管理多視角研究

為了解決Panel stock的問題，作者劉軍榮,任文舉,廖曉莉,王曉輝 這樣論述：

　　經濟學和管理學在現代社會治理中具有重要意義，並在宏觀和微觀兩個方面進行探索，為全球、區域、國家、地方甚至個人層面的經濟和管理事務提供指導和工具理論。社會學學者一直試圖在經濟和管理上追踪人類活動的痕跡，並帶來富有成果的發現，這些發現為人類繁榮帶來了歷史意義。即使是一個閃光的頓悟的火花也因其重要性和通過紙質出版物分享而得到應有的重視。 　　本書內容為英文版，分為五個主題：國際經濟學研究、宏觀經濟研究、電子商務研究、企業管理研究和宏觀管理研究。 　　第一部分主要探討中國對外直接投資、國際商業周期和跨國公司商業行為的國際商業問題。第二部分是關於旅遊經濟和政府投資作為經濟干預

手段的宏觀經濟研究。第三部分討論了工業級的大型電子商務系統，電子商務性能係統和電子商務實施績效測量系統。第四部分探討企業管理、涵蓋知識產權、企業隱性知識管理、企業創新、信息能力系統等。第五部分致力於宏觀管理研究，主要涉及業務流程再造、工業核心能力、CRM戰略、知識產權戰略和跨國公司的國際監管。  

碳排放量與公司治理之關係

為了解決Panel stock的問題，作者吳家瑋 這樣論述：

氣候變遷與全球暖化是國際間最重視的議題之一，企業應將氣候變化因應措施納入營運策略和規劃，許多歐美企業也將永續發展目標設為推動業務與企業社會責任的方向，目的在落實減碳目標及打造永續環境。由於董事會為推動及落實企業永續發展責任之關鍵角色，更重視氣候變遷等議題，可以提升國際競爭力。本研究以2006年至2020年台灣高碳排放產業如水泥工業、塑膠工業、鋼鐵工業及油電燃氣等傳統產業和電子業等產業為研究對象，並以董事會開會次數及董事會規模作為公司治理的主要代理變數，探討產業碳排放量與公司治理之關係。研究結果顯示，水泥工業之董事會開會次數與碳排放量呈現正相關，還發現鋼鐵工業與電子業的董事會規模對於碳排放量呈

現負相關。由此可知，良好的公司治理會影響企業的碳排放量，使公司能朝向永續發展邁進，落實節能減碳並能善盡企業社會責任。