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Liverpool English

為了解決Urban History的問題，作者Watson, Kevin,Honeybone, Patrick,Clark, Lynn 這樣論述：

The Dialects of English series provides concise, accessible, authoritative and up-to-date documentation for varieties of English, including English-based pidgins and creoles, from all over the English-speaking world. Written by experts who have conducted first-hand research, the volumes are the m

ost obvious starting point for readers who would like to know more about a particular regional, urban or ethnic variety. The volumes follow a common structure, covering the context in which one clearly defined variety of English (or a number of closely related varieties) has been established as well

as their phonetics and phonology, morphosyntax, lexis and social history. Each volume concludes with an annotated bibliography and some sample texts. Previous volumes are listed below. Recent and forthcoming volumes are listed on the Volumes tab. Robert McColl Millar, Northern and Insular Scots (20

07) David Deterding, Singapore English (2007) Jennifer Hay, Margaret A. Maclagan & Elizabeth Gordon, New Zealand English (2008) Sailaja Pingali, Indian English (2009) Karen P. Corrigan, Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland (2010) Sandra Clarke, Newfoundland and Labrador English (2010) Jane

Setter, Cathy S. P. Wong & Brian H. S. Chan, Hong Kong English (2010) Joan C. Beal, Lourdes Burbano Elizondo & Carmen Llamas, Urban North-Eastern English: Tyneside to Teeside (2012) Urszula Clarke & Esther Asprey, West Midlands English: Birmingham and the Black Country (2012) Advisory Bo

ard: David Britain (University of Bern, Switzerland) Kathryn Burridge (Monash University, Australia) Jenny Cheshire (Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom) Alexandra D’Arcy (University of Victoria, Canada) Lisa Lim (The University of Hong Kong, China) Rajend Mesthrie (University of Cape To

wn, South Africa) Peter L. Patrick (University of Essex, United Kingdom) Peter Trudgill (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) Walt Wolfram (North Carolina State University, USA) To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Natalie Fecher. For further publications in English linguis

tics see also our Topics in English Linguistics book series.

Urban History進入發燒排行的影片

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決Urban History的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

The Queen Bee

為了解決Urban History的問題，作者Lil’ Kim 這樣論述：

Kimberly Denise Jones is the female rap legend better known as Lil’ Kim. In 1996, she changed the face of hip-hop with the release of her solo debut album, Hard Core. Since then, Lil’ Kim has remained a backbone of hip-hop culture, from fashion icon to actor, model, and entrepreneur. A Grammy award-

winning and multi-Platinum artist, Lil’ Kim has released five solo studio albums, four mixtapes, and over twenty hit singles both of her own and as a featured artist. Kathy Iandoli is the critically acclaimed author of God Save The Queens: The Essential History of Women in Hip-Hop and the forthcomin

g Baby Girl: Better Known as Aaliyah. Iandoli has written for Vibe, The Source, XXL, Village Voice, Rolling Stone, Billboard, Pitchfork, Playboy, Cosmopolitan, Maxim, The Guardian, Vice, and many other publications. She has held editorial positions at top hip-hop/urban websites and is an alumna-in-r

esidence of Music Business at New York University.

羅蘭·巴特符號思維啟示下仿古街區的路徑發展研究—以鹽鎮水街為例

為了解決Urban History的問題，作者周穎 這樣論述：

隨著全球化進程與全面實行現代意義的城市建設，中國各城市文化面臨著嚴峻的發展壓力。仿古街區是眾多城市文化建設中的一個分支，是體現城市文脈延續的良好方式。但當文化依循著市場需求、經濟的調整而失去它自身本位時，文化便落入了一種形式符號，成為資本增值的生產象徵。本作為改善城市的均質現象、增加地方活力的積極途徑，變成了被操控、且被批判的消極對象。因此，面對各城市現存的邊緣化仿古街區，亟待被認知其自身的處境與價值，並為其找到可以指導良序發展的理論依據。在本研究中，首先，通過文獻的對比轉變了傳統看待仿古街區的視角，確認了仿古街區應該具備群體性、流動性、公共性內涵，突出了地方文化與場域發展應基於地方居民的特

徵。其次，基於仿古街區作為符號運作的載體之一，本研究借助了符號學理論對其場域文化符碼被神話化的背後邏輯進行了探索，並主要以對羅蘭巴特言語觀與整體觀的分析，延伸了得以服務於地方話語得以融入原權利話語團體的轉換層級，並將其轉化成模型。接著，選取了一個個案場域，通過定性與定量的工具使得基於地方的話語與場域關係的連結圖得以建立，最終確認了四條主要關係的關係連結圖，並供研究進一步對比、評估並調整場域神話文本的重視項，進而提出各路徑發展策略。結果表明，一方面，地方人所關注的點的優先性與神話文本確實存在差異性；另一方面，仿古街區的場域職能不僅僅只是旅遊經濟的一種形式，更是一個結合、調動地方居民、地方知識、地

方文化資源的網絡資訊中心，確認了屬於仿古街區價值的落腳點。本研究不僅提供了針對仿古街區的新的思考範式，也期為日後如何實踐仿古街區的獨立性、多樣性以及整體性發展提供了參考依據。